Russia: Launched nuclear submarine “Khabarovsk” (Nov 1–
2); capable of carrying Poseidon nuclear-powered
underwater drones.

• Maldives: Became first country to impose a generational
  smoking ban (for citizens born after Jan 1, 2007).
• China: Achieved breakthrough in Thorium Molten Salt
  Reactor technology; converted thorium into uranium.
• InternationalMonetary Fund (IMF): Warned global debt-toGDP ratio could reach 102.3% by 2030; India’s debt at
  81.4%.
• World Justice Project Rule of Law Index 2025: India ranked
  86th out of 143 countries; Denmark topped the list.
• Kazakhstan: Announced decision to join the Abraham
  Accords (Nov 6, 2025).
• United Nations (UN) Climate Summit 2025: Held in Belém,
  Brazil; marked 30 years of climate negotiations.
• Ghazala Hashmi: Elected Virginia’s first Muslim and South
  Asian Lieutenant Governor (USA).
• FIFA: Introduced the “FIFA Peace Prize – Football Unitesthe
  World” to be awarded on Dec 5, 2025.
• G20 Inequality Report: India’s top 1% own 27% of national
  wealth; wealth share increased by 62% (2000–2023).
• Afghanistan: To appoint its first Taliban diplomat to India
  since 2021.
• China launches its third aircraft carrier – Fujian, featuring
  EMALS tech and electric propulsion, boosting its naval
  strength in Asia-Pacific.
• The US conducted a Minuteman III ICBM test to verify
  reliability and readiness, reaffirming its nuclear deterrence
  amid global tensions.
• Pakistan’s Constitutional Crisis: The 27th Constitutional
  Amendment proposed on November 8, 2025, centralizes
  power under Army Chief Gen. Asim Munir by creating a Field
  Marshal post with executive control over judiciary
  appointments and reduced provincial autonomy.
• Egypt’s Western Desert Gas Discovery: New natural gas
  field discovered in Badr-15 area with initial production
  capacity of 16 million cubic feet per day and estimated
  reserves of 15 billion cubic feet, enhancing domestic energy
  security.
• India Joins Tropical Forests Facility: The country entered as
  observer during COP30 Summit in Belém, Brazil, joining
  initiative aimed at mobilizing $125 billion for tropical forest
  conservation while emphasizing equity and climate
  adaptation.
• India–Angola Sign MoUs to Boost Trade: India and Angola
  exchanged MoUs on fisheries, aquaculture, and marine
  resource management during the President of India’s
  historic first-ever state visit to Angola in 2025, aiming to
  expand bilateral trade and cooperation in the blue economy.
• Bangladesh Joins UN Water Convention: Bangladesh
  became the first South Asian country to join the UNECE
  Water Convention in 2025, promoting cooperation on
  shared rivers and transboundary water management,
  particularly significant for theGanga–Brahmaputra–Meghna
  river system.
• President Droupadi Murmu’s Historic Visit to Angola:
  India’s President made the first-ever state visit by an Indian
  President to Angola in 2025, focusing on cooperation in blue
  economy, energy, and capacity building while strengthening
  South–South partnerships andmarking a milestone in India’s
  diplomatic outre New US Ambassador to India: Sergio Gor
  officially took charge as United States Ambassador to India,
  succeeding Eric Garcetti, with focus on strategic cooperation
  in defense, technology, and clean energy.
• Bharat-Sri Lanka Cultural Ties: The first-ever Sanskrit
  Mahotsav jointly organized by India and Sri Lanka
  inaugurated at University of Colombo with participation
  from 20+ universities, supported by ICCR.
• UAE completes first Digital Dirham transaction under 2
  minutes, using mBridge platform, moving toward fully
  digital economy.
• US President Trump signstemporary funding, ending 42-day
  shutdown, affecting federal operations and national
  services.
• USA approved supply of 100 FGM-148 Javelin ATGMs worth
  USD 45.7 mn and 216 Excalibur M982A1 artillery rounds
  worth USD 47.1 mn to India, boosting precision-strike and
  anti-armor capability.
• GCC approved a Unified Travel System, a one-stop mobility
  platform across six member nations, with phased rollout
  from 2026.
• Shah Rukh Khan Tower announced in Dubai, named
  “Shahrukhz by Danube”, to be completed by 2029.
• UNESCO declared the Sundarbans a Climate Heritage Site,
  recognizing its role as a natural climate buffer jointly
  conserved by India & Bangladesh.
• UIDAI launched the new Aadhaar App with features like
  masked Aadhaar, biometric lock, and 5-profile storage.
• India signed its first structured India–US LPG Agreement to
  import 2.2 million tonnes/year from 2026, covering 10% of
  India’s LPG demand.
• India re-elected to the Codex Executive Committee (Asia)
  for 2024–2027 during the 48th CAC session.
• Government released the Offshore Wind Energy Policy
  2025 targeting 37 GW capacity by 2030.
• RBI enabled Digital Rupee (e₹)–UPI interoperability for
  seamless QR-based payments.
• PM launched TB-Mukt Bharat Mission 2026 using AI X-rays,
  free treatment & Nikshay Poshan Yojana support
• ndia opened its first Regional AI Innovation Hub in
• Bengaluru under the IndiaAI Mission to train 1 lakh AI
• developers.
• World Bank approved USD 1.2 bn for Climate-Resilient
  Agriculture Program across 10 states, benefiting 8 million
  farmers.
• India released the EV Battery Recycling Policy 2025
  targeting 85% recovery of lithium, cobalt & nickel by 2030.
• India became world’s 3rd largest solar power producer with
  88 GW installed capacity and 22% share in electricity mix
  (2025).
• Government launched the National Cybersecurity Helpline
  1930 for UPI fraud, phishing, and identity theft.
• India and Japan signed the Indo-Japan Digital Trade &
  Innovation Agreement 2025 to boost digital trade by 40% in
  3 years.
• US designated Saudi Arabia a Major Non-NATO Ally,
  approving F-35 sales, 300 tanks, and cooperation in civil
  nuclear, AI & critical minerals.
• India & Israel signed ToR to begin negotiations for a Free
  Trade Agreement (FTA) focusing on investment & tech
  transfer.
• China developed a Deep-Sea All-Weather Floating Facility
  for 238 personnel, nuclear-resistant, operational by 2028.
• Larry Page overtook Jeff Bezos with a net worth of USD 246
  bn, driven by Alphabet Q3 earnings and Gemini 3 AI
  success.
• UAE contributed USD 1.46 bn (7.2%) to global UN aid,
  praised for its speed & long-term impact.
• India resumed tourist visas for Chinese citizens from July
  2025, boosting tourism & hospitality sectors.
• US President Donald Trump designated Saudi Arabia as a
  Major Non-NATO Ally, making it the 20th country to receive
  MNNA status.
• WHO declared Indonesia free from Type-2 cVDPV
  poliovirus, with no cases reported since June 2024.
• India championed climate justice at COP30 in Brazil,
  demanding stronger finance commitments and opposing
  unilateral carbon border taxes.
• India, Australia, and Canada launched the ACITI
  Partnership, focusing on AI, clean energy, and critical
  minerals, with roadmap talks planned for early 2026.
• G20 Johannesburg Summit adopted a 39-page consensus
  declaration on climate action, multilateralism, debt relief,
  and digital inclusion, with AU participating as a full member.
• PM Modi unveiled six global initiatives at G20, including the
  Traditional Knowledge Repository, Africa Skills Program,
  Global Health Response Team, and satellite data sharing for
  development.
• Dormant Hayli Gubbi volcano in Ethiopia erupted after
  12,000 years, sending ash 14 km high, leading DGCA to
  advise Indian airlines to modify routes.
• Gavi and UNICEF secured malaria vaccine R21/Matrix-M
  price at USD 2.99 per dose, saving USD 90 million and
  enabling 30 million extra doses.
• USA celebrated Thanksgiving on November 27, 2025,
  continuing the tradition based on the 1621 Pilgrims–
  Wampanoag harvest feast.
• Antarctic ozone hole recorded its fifth-smallest size,
  averaging 7.23 million sq miles, with peak 8.83 million sq
  miles on September 9, 2025.
• Jakarta surpassed Tokyo with 42 million people, becoming
  the world’s most populous city amid rapid Asian
  urbanisation.